Chapter One. 1

Introduction. 1

1.1. Background of Purpose. 1

1.2. Theoretical Framework. 2

Corrective Feedback Types. 2

1.2.1. Positive vs. Negative Feedback. 4

1.2.2. Implicit vs. Explicit Feedback. 5

1.2.3. Reformulations vs. Prompts Feedback. 6

1.3. Statement of the Problem.. 8

1.4. Research Questions: 9

1.5. Research Hypotheses. 9

1.6. Significance of the Study: 10

1.7. Definition of Key Terms. 10

Chapter Two. 13

Review of Related Literature. 13

2.1. Introduction. 13

2.3. Hypotheses behind Corrective Feedback. 14

2.3.1. Schmidt‘s Noticing Hypothesis. 14

2.3.2. Long‘s Interaction Hypothesis. 15

2.3.3. Swain’s Output Hypothesis. 16

2.4. Corrective Feedback and Accuracy. 16

2.5. Corrective Feedback and Fluency. 18

Chapter Three. 21

Methodology. 21

3.1. Introduction. 21

3.2. Participants and Setting. 21

3.3. Instrumentation. 21

3.4. Procedure. 23

Chapter One. 1

Introduction. 1

1.1. Background of Purpose. 1

1.2. Theoretical Framework. 2

Corrective Feedback Types. 2

1.2.1. Positive vs. Negative Feedback. 4

1.2.2. Implicit vs. Explicit Feedback. 5

1.2.3. Reformulations vs. Prompts Feedback. 6

1.3. Statement of the Problem.. 8

1.4. Research Questions: 9

1.5. Research Hypotheses. 9

1.6. Significance of the Study: 10

1.7. Definition of Key Terms. 10

Chapter Two. 13

Review of Related Literature. 13

2.1. Introduction. 13

2.3. Hypotheses behind Corrective Feedback. 14

2.3.1. Schmidt‘s Noticing Hypothesis. 14

2.3.2. Long‘s Interaction Hypothesis. 15

2.3.3. Swain’s Output Hypothesis. 16

2.4. Corrective Feedback and Accuracy. 16

2.5. Corrective Feedback and Fluency. 18

Chapter Three. 21

Methodology. 21

3.1. Introduction. 21

3.2. Participants and Setting. 21

3.3. Instrumentation. 21

3.4. Procedure. 23

3.5. Study Design. 24

Chapter Four. 25

Data analysis, Discussions and Results. 25

4.1. Introduction. 25

4.2. Data analysis and investigation of research questions. 25

4.2.1. Descriptive Statistics. 25

4.2.2 Inferential statistics. 29

4.3. Discussion. 34

Chapter Five. 36

Conclusion. 36

5.1. Introduction. 36

5.2. Conclusion. 36

5.3. Pedagogical Implications. 38

5.4. Suggestions for Further Research. 38

References. 39

Appendix (1): Test specification. 44

Appendix (2): Accuracy measures. 48

Appendix (3): Fluency measures. 49

Appendix (4): Homogeneity Test and Pretest 50

Appendix (5): posttest 51

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of elicitation feedback on speaking accuracy and fluency. To fulfill the purpose of the study, 60 female intermediate learners at Marefat Language Institute were chosen by means of administering a proficiency test preliminary English test (PET). They were randomly divided into two homogeneous groups, one as the experimental group and the other as